Many sensors appear in plain sight, such as in cameras or home security systems’ presence/motion detectors. However, some are disguised in other products, such as a rearview mirror (camera) in a car or a smartphone. Specifically, the iPhone has 15 or more sensors embedded in its cell phone package design. Designers continue to find out-of-sight, […]
Frequently Asked Question (FAQ)
Why are cryogenic microwave power measurements important for quantum computing?
Cryogenic (cryo) microwave (µw) power measurements are vital for advancing quantum computing. Delicate quantum devices require operation at cryo temperatures to maintain coherence and stability. Accurate power measurements at cryo temperatures are also required to optimize and debug quantum hardware. This article begins by reviewing cryo zones in a quantum computer and the related µw […]
How are VCSELs used in biomedical sensors?
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are used in biomedical sensors because they emit highly focused, coherent light at specific wavelengths, enabling precise detection and analysis of biomolecules. Applications include blood oxygen level monitoring, optical coherence tomography (OCT) for imaging tissue structures, fluorescence microscopy, and analysis of live biomolecules in lab-on-a-chip systems. VCSELs offer a third option […]
What sensors are needed to fly hypersonic missiles?
Maneuverability and guidance systems, not just raw speed, are key differentiators for hypersonic missiles. That requires aerodynamic pressure sensors, optical sensors, inertial sensors, space-based tracking, infrared sensors, and more. All are combined into a single guidance system using sensor fusion. This article reviews the sensor types for hypersonic guidance, navigation, and target acquisition systems. Hypersonic […]
What are the mathematics that enable sensor fusion?
The mathematics that enable sensor fusion include probabilistic modeling and statistical estimation using Bayesian inference and techniques like particle filters, Kalman filters, and α-β-γ filters, which allow for combining data from multiple sensors while accounting for noise and uncertainty to produce a more accurate overall picture of a system or environment. Neural networks (NNs) are […]
How does fusion timing impact sensors?
Today with LiDAR included as one of the potential sensing technologies, low-level fusion still seems to be a popular design approach.
What is a Ting sensor?
While the fires were still spreading in Los Angeles, investigators were busy exploring possible reasons for the fires and looking for indicators that could have provided more advanced warnings. Sensors always play an essential role in any advanced or real-time warning system. The more obvious sensor requirements/possibilities for wildfires include: Wind direction and speed Water […]
What is negative temperature coefficient?
A negative temperature coefficient (NTC) refers to any physical value that decreases as the temperature increases or vice versa. In electronics, NTC usually refers to a material’s decreasing resistance as the temperature rises. This article examines how NTC device performance is quantified and compares with other technologies like resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) and positive temperature […]
What is a balometer and what does it do?
To ensure and verify the efficient airflow in the ducts and the optimum distribution (balance) of airflow in a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, a technician would use a balometer – a type of airflow meter. This tool/instrument measures several airflow parameters from diffusers and grilles. With this data, the HVAC technician can […]
When are signal conditioners not needed with sensors?
Signal conditioning is necessary in most sensor applications, but there are exceptions. This article discusses those exceptions and reviews sensor technology, system design, and operational considerations where signal conditioning may be unnecessary and expensive. Sensing is all about the output signal. External signal conditioners are not needed when signal conditioning is integrated into the measurement […]
